Many websites have great information on avoiding frozen pipes. We have compiled these tips in mind while we continue to have sub-freezing forecasts:

• When water freezes, it expands.
• Pipes and outside walls, attics or crawl spaces often are more vulnerable to winter cold spells as they may be located in unprotected areas outside of the building insulation.
• Cracks or openings that allow cold, outside air to flow across the pipes are problematic.  Secure with caulk, or wrap areas.
• Holes in an outside wall where television, cable or phone lines enter can provide access for cold air to reach pipes.
• Let faucets drip. Water freezes when heat in the water is transferred to subfreezing air.
• If the faucet stops dripping, leave it on as it still needs pressure relief.
• Open cabinet doors, especially to outside walls, when temps drop to 20 or below.
• The size of pipes and their composition (e.g., copper or PVC) have some bearing on how fast ice forms, but the absence of heat, pipe insulation and exposure to a flow of subfreezing air allows for quick freezing.
• When a faucet is turned on and no water comes out, don't take any chances. Call for help.
• Find the location of the main shut-off valve before freezing weather.
• If it bursts, turn off the water at the main shut-off valve and leave the faucet(s) open until repairs are completed.
• Don't try to thaw a frozen pipe with an open flame; as this will damage the pipe and may even start a building fire. You might be able to thaw a pipe with a hand-held hair dryer. Slowly apply heat, starting close to the faucet end of the pipe, with the faucet open. Work toward the coldest section.
• Be cautious not to lower the thermostat too much for an extended period.  Better to leave a little more heat on than to return to frozen pipes.